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Surface modification techniques of membranes to improve their antifouling characteristics: recent advancementsand developments

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第12期页码 1837-1865 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2347-3

摘要： Surface modification techniques of membranes to improve their antifouling characteristics: recent advancements and developments

关键词： Surface modification techniques

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SMRs – overview, international developments, safety features and the GRS simulation chain

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 793-809 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0751-2

摘要： The Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH as the main technical support organization for the German Federal Government in nuclear safety has been dealing with small modular reactors (SMRs) for about one decade since SMRs are one interesting option for new builds in most countries worldwide which continue to use nuclear energy for commercial electricity production. Currently four different SMR designs are in operation, four in construction, one is licensed, and further 12 are in a licensing process. In this paper, definitions, history, and current developments of SMRs are presented. Subsequently, selected trends of SMR development such as factory fabrication and transport, compactness and modularity, core design, improved core cooling, exclusion of accidents, features for preventing and limiting the impact of severe accidents, economic viability, competitiveness and licensing are discussed. Modeling gaps of the GRS simulation chain programs with a view to applications in nuclear licensing procedures are identified and a strategy for closing these gaps is presented. Finally, selected work on the extension and improvement of the simulation chain and first generic test analyses are presented.

关键词： small modular reactors (SMRs) history recent developments safety aspects simulation chain of the Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS)

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Review of recent developments in cement composites reinforced with fibers and nanomaterials

Jianzhuang XIAO, Nv HAN, Yan LI, Zhongsen ZHANG, Surendra P. SHAH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 1-19 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0723-y

摘要： The quest for high-performance construction materials is led by the development and application of new reinforcement materials for cement composites. Concrete reinforcement with fibers has a long history. Nowadays, many new fibers associated with high performance and possessing eco-environmental characteristics, such as basalt fibers and plant fibers, have received much attention from researchers. In addition, nanomaterials are considered as a core material in the modification of cement composites, specifically in the enhancement of the strength and durability of composites. This paper provides an overview of the recent research progress on cement composites reinforced with fibers and nanomaterials. The influences of fibers and nanomaterials on the fresh and hardened properties of cement composites are summarized. Moreover, future trends in the application of these fibers or of nanomaterial-reinforced cement composites are proposed.

关键词： cement composites fiber nanomaterial mechanical property durability

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Civil and structural engineering applications, recent trends, research and developments on pultruded

Alfred Kofi GAND, Tak-Ming CHAN, James Toby MOTTRAM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 227-244 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0216-8

摘要： The objectives of this study are to review and evaluate the developments and applications of pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer composites in civil and structural engineering and review advances in research and developments. Several case applications are reviewed. The paper presents a state-of-the-art review of fundamental research on the behavior of pultruded fiber reinforced polymer closed sections and highlights gaps in knowledge and areas of potential further research.

关键词： fibre reinforced polymer composites behaviour of FRPs tubular sections pultruded FRP tubular profiles FRP tubes in bridges applications of pultruded FRP tubes new-build with FRP tubes

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Recent developments in passive interconnected vehicle suspension

Wade A. SMITH, Nong ZHANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 1-18 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0092-z

摘要： This paper presents an overall review on the historical concept development and research advancement of passive hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) systems. It starts with an introduction to passive HIS systems and their various incarnations developed over many decades. Next, a description is provided of a recently proposed multidisciplinary approach for the frequency-domain analysis of vehicles fitted with an HIS. The experimental validation and applications of the method to both free and forced vibration analysis are discussed based on a simplified, roll-plane half-car model. A finite-element-method-based approddach for modelling the transient dynamics of an HIS vehicle is also briefly outlined. In addition, recent work on the investigation of NVH associated with HIS-equipped vehicles is mentioned. Discussion is then provided on future work to the further understanding of HIS and its applications. The paper concludes that interconnected suspension schemes can provide much greater flexibility to independently specify modal stiffness and damping parameters – a characteristic unique among passive suspensions. It points out that there is a need for system optimisation, and there are troublesome NVH issues that require solutions. It suggests that further research attention and effort be paid to NVH issues and system level optimisation to gain a greater understanding of HIS and to broaden its applications.

关键词： interconnected suspensions rollover prevention vehicle dynamics ride comfort multibody system dynamics hydraulic system dynamics

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Recent developments in the application of oil palm fibers in cement composites

Emmanuel Owoichoechi MOMOH, Adelaja Israel OSOFERO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 94-108 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0576-9

摘要： Fibers obtained from different parts of the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) have been under investigation for possible use in construction. Studies have been carried out investigating the engineering properties and possible applications of these fibers. However, the experimental methods employed and the values of mechanical and physical properties recorded by various authors are inconsistent. It has therefore become necessary to organize information which would be useful in the design of oil palm fiber cement composites and help researchers and engineers make informed decisions in further research and application. This review provides information about fibers from different parts of the oil palm, their properties, enhancement techniques, current and potential application in cement composites.

关键词： broom cement composite concrete oil palm fiber Natural fiber-concrete sustainability

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A review on membrane distillation in process engineering: design and exergy equations, materials and wetting problems

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 592-613 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2105-3

摘要： One of the problems that most afflicts humanity is the lack of clean water. Water stress, which is the pressure on the quantity and quality of water resources, exists in many places throughout the World. Desalination represents a valid solution to the scarcity of fresh water and several technologies are already well applied and successful (such as reverse osmosis), producing about 100 million m³·d⁻¹ of fresh water. Further advances in the field of desalination can be provided by innovative processes such as membrane distillation. The latter is of particular interest for the treatment of waste currents from conventional desalination processes (for example the retentate of reverse osmosis) as it allows to desalt highly concentrated currents as it is not limited by concentration polarization phenomena. New perspectives have enhanced research activities and allowed a deeper understanding of mass and heat transport phenomena, membrane wetting, polarization phenomena and have encouraged the use of materials particularly suitable for membrane distillation applications. This work summarizes recent developments in the field of membrane distillation, studies for module length optimization, commercial membrane modules developed, recent patents and advancement of membrane material.

关键词： membrane distillation recent developments heat and mass transfer wetting membrane material

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生物质发电、制氢以及低温电化学研究进展综述 Review

刘伟, 刘聪敏, Parikshit Gogoi, 邓渝林

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第12期页码 1351-1363 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.021

摘要：

生物质是指储存化学能和太阳能的植物或动物材料，传统上被广泛应用于产热和各种工业过程。生物质中含有大量的氢元素，是制氢的极好原材料。因此，生物质是发电或制氢的可持续来源。虽然生物质发电厂和生物质转化厂已经商业化，但如何开发更有效、更经济的技术来进一步提高生物质转化效率和减少这些电厂对环境的影响，仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。利用生物质液体燃料电池技术将生物质直接转化为电能和在低温下通过电解将生物质转化为氢气的技术是近年来人们关注的两个新兴的研究领域。本文首先简要介绍了生物质转化为电能和氢能的传统技术，然后详细介绍了生物质液体燃料电池（FBFC）和生物质电解制氢（BEHP）的最新研究进展，并讨论了这两个领域进一步发展将面临的挑战。

关键词：生物质液流电池燃料电池制氢电解

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面向异构集成应用的“片上”嵌入式冷却技术的研究进展 Review

Srikanth Rangarajan, Scott Schiffres, Bahgat Sammakia

《工程（英文）》 2023年第26卷第7期页码 185-197 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.019

摘要：

The electronics packaging community strongly believes that Moore’s law will continue for another few years due to recent technological efforts to build heterogeneously integrated packages. Heterogeneous integration (HI) can be at the chip level (a single chip with multiple hotspots), in multi-chip modules, or in vertically stacked three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits. Flux values have increased exponentially with a simultaneous reduction in chip size and a significant increase in performance, leading to increased heat dissipation. The electronics industry and the academic research community have examined various solutions to tackle skyrocketing thermal-management challenges. Embedded cooling eliminates most sequential conduction resistance from the chip to the ambient, unlike separable cold plates/heat sinks. Although embedding the cooling solution onto an electronic chip results in a high heat transfer potential, technological risks and complexity are still associated with the implementation of these technologies and with uncertainty regarding which technologies will be adopted. This manuscript discusses recent advances in embedded cooling, fluid selection considerations, and conventional, immersion, and additive manufacturing-based embedded cooling technologies.

关键词：电子冷却嵌入式冷却浸入式冷却

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制药工业中结晶过程的最新进展 Review

高振国, Rohani Sohrab, 龚俊波, 王静康

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第3期页码 343-353 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.022

摘要：

结晶是古老的分离与提纯单元操作之一，如今已发展成为生产具有特定性质的高附加值产品以及建立高效制造过程的技术。本文中，我们综述了制药工业中晶体工程以及结晶过程设计和控制的最新研究进展，系统地总结了理解和开发新型晶体如共晶、多晶型、溶剂化物的方法，包括一些重要的进展，如第一个共晶药物Entresto (诺华) 的诞生以及Orkambi (福泰) 连续制造过程获批。与不同的过程控制策略和新型的结晶器相结合，传统的釜式和日渐成熟的连续结晶过程正不断地满足制药工业的需求。结晶过程的设计和控制已使几种创新型结晶器的设计实现连续操作且性能良好。本文还综述了过程分析技术最新的重要研究进展。

关键词：结晶晶体工程多晶型结晶过程设计和控制晶体粒度分布

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中国功能晶体研究进展 Review

王继扬,于浩海,吴以成,Robert Boughton

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第2期页码 192-210 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015053

摘要：

功能晶体是现代科学技术发展的基础材料之一，在当前信息时代发挥着重要和关键的作用。本文总结了若干功能晶体的研究进展，综述了中国功能晶体的现状及重大成就和重要应用，讨论了功能晶体面临的挑战和机遇，提出了可能的发展方向。

关键词：功能材料，激光晶体，非线性光学晶体，闪烁晶体，弛豫型铁电晶体，半导体

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New developments in mobile air conditioning systems in China

Jiangping CHEN, Yu ZHAO, Zhaogang QI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 53-58 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0137-3

摘要： Global warming poses serious global concerns, and the mobile air conditioning (MAC) industry must be promoted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the development of the MAC system and components for new energy vehicles, low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, methods to control refrigerant leakage, and new energy-saving technologies in China are introduced.

关键词： global warming potential mobile air conditioning (MAC) energy saving new developments

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Modern developments related to nanotechnology and nanoengineering of concrete

Konstantin SOBOLEV

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 131-141 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0343-0

摘要： This paper reports on modern developments related to nanotechnology of cement and concrete. Recent advances in instrumentation and design of advanced nano-composite materials is discussed. New technological directions and historical milestones in nanoengineering and nanomodi?cation of cement-based materials are presented. It is concluded that there is a strong potential of nanotechnology to improve the performance of cement-based materials.

关键词： nanotechnology cement concrete nanoparticle nano-composite nanomodification carbon nanotubes C-S-H gel photocatalyst

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新型硅基光纤研究进展 Special Feature on Optoelectronic Devices and Inte

Ting-yun WANG, Fu-fei PANG, Su-juan HUANG, Jian-xiang WEN, Huan-huan LIU, Li-bo YUAN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第4期页码 481-489 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900017

摘要：综述了两类新型光纤的最新研究进展，主要包括掺铋、铝、铈等元素的二氧化硅光纤和微结构多芯光纤。作为掺杂特殊元素的光纤，铋铝共掺杂二氧化硅光纤的荧光光谱波长为1000到1400 nm，半高宽（FWHM）约为150 nm，可用于光纤放大器和激光系统。铈掺杂光纤的激发和发射中心波长分别约为340和430 nm。在纤芯中掺杂高浓度氧化铝的蓝宝石衍生光纤（SDF）经电弧放电加热、冷却处理后可形成莫来石。SDF可进一步开发为能承受1200 °C高温的法布里—珀罗干涉仪，用于高温传感。由于强消逝场，微结构多芯光纤被广泛应用于生物光纤传感、化学测量等领域。同轴芯光纤是一种具有两个同轴双波导纤芯的新型光纤。将光纤端制备成锥状，能产生紧致聚焦光场，可应用于光学捕获和微粒操纵。本文讨论了这些新型光纤的研究进展。

关键词：光纤；光纤器件；基于二氧化硅特种光纤

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水力空化反应器的最新进展——空化机理、反应器设计与应用 Review

Haoxuan Zheng, Ying Zheng, Jesse Zhu

《工程（英文）》 2022年第19卷第12期页码 180-198 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.027

摘要：

水力空化因其能效高、操作成本低、能够诱导化学反应并可规模化等优势，被认为是一种很有前途的工艺强化技术。近十年来，人们对水力空化及其主要变量的基本认识取得了一些进展，为水力空化在自由基诱导化学反应过程中的应用提供了基础。在这里，我们对这些研究工作进行了广泛回顾，包括水力空化的基本原理、空化反应器的设计、空化诱导的反应增强及相关的工业应用。比较了两种类型的水力空化反应器，即固定式和旋转式水力空化反应器。讨论了水力空化反应器的设计参数及其在实验室和中试尺度上的反应器性能，并就其最佳操作和几何条件提出了建议。本文首次回顾了目前市场上的商业空化反应器。水力空化的独特特点已广泛应用于各种化学反应，如氧化反应和废水处理，以及如乳化液生成和组分提取等物理过程。文中也详细讨论了自由基和气泡内爆的作用。

关键词：水动力空化作用空化核羟基自由基固定/旋转水动力空化反应器反应增强空化应用